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What is Loopback - localhost address?

The local loopback mechnism is useful for testing software during development, independently of any networking configurations which means no hardware accsociated with it not physically connected to network.

 What is Loopback
Loopback is a communication channel with only one endpoint. TCP/IP networks specify a loopback that allows client software to communicate with server software on the same computer. 

Localhost - Loopback address
localhost is a hostname indicating this computer and used to access the network services running on the host via Loopback network interface. On most computer systems, localhost resolves to the IP address 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 loopback address, and to the IP address ::1 in IPv6.

How 127.0.0.1 Works
TCP/IP application programs generate message with IP addressess for intended recipients and TCP/IP recognizes 127.0.0.1 as a special IP address which the protocol checks before sending it and re-routes back to the receiving end of the TCP/IP stack. Messages sent to loopback IP addresses do not reach outside to Local Arean Network but instead are delivered directly to the TCP/IP receive queues as if they had arrived from an outside source.

To improve network security, TCP/IP also checks incoming messages arriving on routers or other network gateways and discards any that contain loopback IP addresses. This prevents a network attacker from disguising their malicious network traffic as coming from a loopback address.

Reference

 https://www.lifewire.com/network-computer-special-ip-address-818385
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/loopback.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localhost

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